Examining the exaggerated death rate of Canadian Indian Residential Schools.
The Honourable Marc Miller, Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, never misses an opportunity to give his enthusiastic stamp of approval to any new claim made in the perennial quest for evidence of residential school wrongdoing. Two days after Williams Lake First Nation announced on January 25, 2022, the “discovery” near the St. Joseph residential school in B.C. of “93 potential unmarked graves”, Mr. Miller embarked on a tweetstorm that encapsulated his thinking, or, shall we say, his habitual presumptions, on residential school-related matters.
Among Miller’s tweets on January 27 was the following: “As early as 1909 (1909!!!), Dr. Peter Bryce estimated that the death rate from all causes for those attending residential schools was 18 times higher than that of non-Indigenous people in Canada of the same age [the curious exclamation marks are Miller’s, not mine].”
The “18 times higher” assertion is based on a report that Peter Bryce, Indian Affairs chief medical officer, prepared for the Department in 1909. In looking at mortality in three residential schools – Shingwauk in Ontario, Sarcee in Alberta, and Cranbrook in B.C. – Bryce found that during the period 1892 to 1908 the schools had a death rate of 8,000 per 100,000.[1] If Bryce’s finding for the three schools reflected the overall mortality rate across all of the 60 to 70 residential schools operating in Canada during that time period, the rate in the residential schools would indeed have been approximately 18 times higher than the 430 per 100,000 that Bryce reported for Canada’s general school-age population.
However, the evidence shows that Bryce’s “8,000 per 100,000” death rate was an overstatement for the three schools he studied, and a gross exaggeration of the overall rate for all of Canada’s residential schools operating in the 1892 to 1908 period.
And right on cue…